A person is at risk of developing Multiple Sclerosis (MS) when they have a combination of factors that increase the likelihood of developing the condition. These risk factors include having a family history of MS, being a woman, residing in countries with higher MS prevalence – such as Canada, Sweden and the United States- experiencing viral infections like Epstein-Barr, smoking, having low vitamin D levels, and having other autoimmune diseases. Keep in mind, while these factors can elevate the risk, it’s important to remember that MS is a complex and multifactorial condition, and not everyone with these risk factors will develop the disease.
Symptoms of Multiple Sclerosis
Two of the most common symptoms are fatigue and difficulty walking. Many people with MS can find it hard to walk or may have problems with balance. They might need support like a cane or wheelchair to get around. Other symptoms include:
- Numbness or tingling: some people feel like their arms, legs, or other body parts are asleep or tingly.
- Problems with vision: this might include blurry vision, double vision, or pain when looking from side to side.
- Muscle weakness: muscles can become weak and less powerful, making it hard to do everyday tasks.
- Difficulty with coordination: it can be challenging to control movements and do things like writing or buttoning a shirt.
- Pain or spasms: some people with MS experience pain or muscle spasms, which can be uncomfortable.
- Problems with thinking or memory: this can include trouble concentrating, remembering things, or solving problems.
- Bladder or bowel issues: MS can affect control over the bladder and bowel functions.
- Emotional changes: feelings of depression or mood swings can occur.
Diagnosis & Treatment Options for MS
MS is diagnosed through medical evaluations, neurological exams, and imaging like MRI to detect brain and spinal cord abnormalities. Additional tests, including a lumbar puncture and blood tests, may be used to confirm the diagnosis. A neurologist evaluates the results and applies clinical criteria for confirmation.
The two most common treatment options for multiple sclerosis are: medication & physical therapy. Doctors often prescribe medicines to control MS symptoms and slow its progression. These drugs can help reduce inflammation, manage pain, and prevent relapses. Physical therapists teach exercises and techniques to improve muscle strength, balance, and mobility. This helps people with MS move better and perform everyday activities. Other options include:
- Occupational therapy: occupational therapists provide strategies and tools to make daily tasks easier, like dressing or cooking.
- Speech therapy: for those with speech or swallowing difficulties, speech therapists can help improve communication and eating abilities.
- Counseling or support groups: emotional support is essential. Counseling or joining support groups can help individuals cope with the challenges of MS.
- Diet and exercise: a healthy diet and regular exercise can contribute to overall well-being and may help manage some MS symptoms.
- Medications for specific symptoms: medications may be prescribed to address specific symptoms like bladder problems, spasticity, or fatigue.
- Alternative therapies: some people explore complementary therapies like acupuncture or yoga to manage symptoms, although their effectiveness may vary.
In case you suspect you might suffer from Multiple Sclerosis, it’s very important to get tested. Also, make sure to do extensive online research about other MS symptoms and (new) treatments. To help you on your way, continue your online search here: